ASTM A320-A320M-18低温用合金钢和不锈钢螺栓(附2015中文版)

Designation A320/A320M 18 Standard Specication for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting for Low-Temperature Service 1 This standard is issued under the xed designationA320/A320M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specication 2 covers alloy steel bolting materials and bolting components for pressure vessels, valves, anges, and ttings for low-temperature service. See Specication A962/A962M for the denition of bolting. The bars shall be hot-wrought and may be further processed by centerless grinding or by cold drawing.Austenitic stainless steel may be solution annealed or annealed and strain-hardened. When strain hardened austenitic stainless steel is ordered, the pur- chaser should take special care to ensure that Appendix X1 is thoroughly understood. 1.2 Several grades are covered, including both ferritic and austenitic steels designated L7, B8, etc. Selection will depend on design, service conditions, mechanical properties, and low-temperature characteristics. The mechanical requirements of Table 1 indicate the diameters for which the minimum mechanical properties apply to the various grades and classes, and Table 2 stipulates the requirements for Charpy impact energyabsorption.Themanufacturershoulddeterminethatthe material can con to these requirements before parts are manufactured. For example, when Grade L43 is specied to meet the Table 2 impact energy values at 150 F 101 C, additional restrictions such as procuring a steel with lower P and S contents than might normally be supplied in the chemical composition forAISI 4340 are likely to be required. NOTE 1The committee ulating this specication has included several grades of material that have been rather extensively used for the present purpose. Other compositions will be considered for inclusion by the committee from time to time as the need becomes apparent. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrictthemaximumsizeatwhichtherequiredmechanicalpropertiesare obtainable. 1.3 The following referenced general requirements are in- dispensable for application of this specication Specication A962/A962M. 1.4 Nuts for use with bolting are covered in Section 10 and the nut material shall be impact tested. 1.5 SupplementaryRequirementsareprovidedforuseatthe option of the purchaser. The supplementary requirements shall apply only when specied in the purchase order or contract. 1.6 This specication is expressed in both inch-pound units and SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract species the applicable M specication designation SI units, the inch-pound units shall apply. 1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conance with the standard. 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade TBT Committee. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards 3 A194/A194MSpecication for Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, and Stainless Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature Service, or Both A962/A962MSpecication for Common Requirements for Bolting Intended for Use atAny Temperature from Cryo- genic to the Creep Range E566PracticeforElectromagneticEddyCurrentSortingof Ferrous Metals 1 This specication is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.22onSteelForgingsandWroughtFittingsforPipingApplicationsandBolting Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A320/A320M17b. DOI 10.1520/A0320_A0320M-18. 2 For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications, see related Speci- cation SA-320 in Section II of that Code. 3 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume ination, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade TBT Committee. 1TABLE 1 Mechanical Requirements Class and Grade, Diameter, in. mm Heat Treatment Minimum Tempering Temperature, F C Tensile Strength, min, ksi MPa Yield Strength, min, ksi MPa 0.2 offset Elongation i n2i n . or 50 mm, min, Reduction of Area, min, Hardness, max Ferritic Steels L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L70, L71, L72, L73 125 105 16 50 321 HBW or 35 HRC 2 1 2 65 and under A quenched and tempered 1100 593 860 725 L43 125 105 16 50 321 HBW or 35 HRC 4 100 and under A quenched and tempered 1100 593 860 725 L7M 100 80 18 50 235 HBW B or 99 HRB 2 1 2 65 and under A quenched and tempered 1150 620 690 550 L1 125 105 16 50 . . . 1 25 and under A quenched and tempered 860 725 Austenitic Steels C Class 1 B8, B8C, B8M, B8P, B8F, B8T, B8LN, B8MLN, all diameters carbide solution treated 75 515 30 205 30 50 223 HBW D or 96 HRB Class 1A B8A, B8CA, B8MA, B8PA, B8FA, B8TA, B8LNA, B8MLNA, all diameters carbide solution treated in the nished condition 75 515 30 205 30 50 192 HBW or 90 HRB Class 2 B8, B8C, B8P, B8F, B8T carbide solution treated and strain hardened 3 4 20 and under 125 860 100 690 12 35 321 HBW or 35 HRC over 3 4 to 1 20 to 25, incl 115 795 80 550 15 30 321 HBW or 35 HRC over 1 to 1 1 4 25 to 32, incl 105 725 65 450 20 35 321 HBW or 35 HRC over 1 1 4 to 1 1 2 32 to 40, incl A 100 690 50 345 28 45 321 HBW or 35 HRC Class 2 B8M carbide solution treated and strain hardened 3 4 20 and under 110 760 95 655 15 45 321 HBW or 35 HRC over 3 4 to 1 20 to 25, incl 100 690 80 550 20 45 321 HBW or 35 HRC over 1 to 1 1 4 25 to 32, incl 95 655 65 450 25 45 321 HBW or 35 HRC over 1 1 4 to 1 1 2 32 to 40, incl A 90 620 50 345 30 45 321 HBW or 35 HRC A These upper diameter limits were established on the basis that these were the largest sizes commonly available that consistently met specication property limits. They are not intended as absolute limits beyond which bolting materials could no longer be certied to the specication. B To meet the tensile requirements, the Brinell hardness shall not be less than 200 HBW or 93 HRB. C Class 1 products are made from solution-treated material. Class 1A products are solution treated in the nished condition for corrosion resistance; heat treatment is critical for enhancing this physical property and meeting the mechanical property requirements. Class 2 products are made from solution-treated material that has been strain hardened. Austenitic steels in the strain-hardened condition may not show uni properties throughout the cross section, particularly in sizes over 3 4 in. 20 mm in diameter. D For sizes 3 4 in. 20 mm in diameter and smaller, a maximum hardness of 241 HBW 100 HRB is permitted. A320/A320M 18 2F436/F436MSpecication for Hardened SteelWashers Inch and Metric Dimensions F606/F606MTest s for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets 2.2 ASME Standards 4 B1.1Screw Threads B18.22.1Plain Washers 3. Ordering Ination 3.1 It is the purchasers responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ination necessary to purchase the needed materials. Examples of such ination include, but are not limited to, the following 3.1.1 Quantity and size, 3.1.2 Heat-treated condition, that is, for the austenitic stain- less steels, solution-treated Class 1; solution-treated after nishing Class 1A; and annealed and strain-hardened Class 2, 3.1.3 Description of items required bars, bolts, screws, or studs, 3.1.4 Nuts and washers, if required by the purchaser, in accordance with Section 10, and 3.1.5 Special requirements, in accordance with 5.1.1, 5.1.3, 5.1.4, and 13.1. 4. Common Requirements 4.1 Bolting materials and bolting components supplied to this specication shall con to the requirements of Speci- cation A962/A962M. These requirements include test s, nish, thread dimensions, macroetch carbon and alloy steels only marking, certication, optional supplemen- tary requirements, and others. Failure to comply with the requirements of Specication A962/A962M constitutes non- conance with this specication. In case of conict be- tween the requirements in this specication and Specication A962/A962M, this specication shall prevail. 5. Materials and Manufacture 5.1 Heat Treatment 5.1.1 Bolting materials shall be allowed to cool to room temperature after rolling or forging. Grades L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L7M, L43, L1, L70, L71, L72, and L73 shall be reheated to above the upper critical temperature and liquid quenched and tempered. Grades B8, B8C, B8M, B8T, B8F, B8P, B8LN, and B8MLN shall receive a carbide solution treatment. Prod- ucts made from such material are described as Class 1. This shallconsistofholdingtheboltingmaterialforasufficienttime at a temperature at which the chromium carbide will go into solution and then cooling in air or in a liquid medium at a rate sufficient to prevent reprecipitation of the carbide. Bolting material thus treated is described as Class 1. If specied in the purchase order, bolting material shall be solution treated in the nished condition and shall be described as Class 1A. 5.1.2 Use of water quenching is prohibited for any ferritic grade when heat treatment is pered after heading or threading. 5.1.3 When increased mechanical properties are desired, austenitic bolting shall be solution annealed and strain hard- ened if specied in the purchase order; material so treated is identied as Class 2. 5.1.4 If scale-free bright nish is required, this shall be specied in the purchase order. 5.1.5 For L7M bolting, the nal heat treatment, which may be the tempering or stress-relieving operation conducted at 1150 F 620 C minimum, shall be done after machining or rolling of the threads and any type of cutting. 6. Mechanical Requirements 6.1 Tensile Properties 6.1.1 Bolting material as represented by the tension speci- mens shall con to the requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 1 at room temperature after heat treatment see 5.1.1. Alternatively, Class 2 Strain Hardened Headed Bolting Components shall be tested full size after strain hardening to determine tensile strength and yield strength and shall con to the requirements prescribed in Table 1. Should the results of full size tests conict with results of tension specimen tests, full size test results shall prevail. 6.1.2 Number of Tests 6.1.2.1 For heat-treated bars, one tension test and one impact test consisting of three specimens shall be made for each diameter of each heat represented in each tempering charge. When heat treated without interruption in continuous furnaces,thematerialinalotshallbethesameheat,sameprior condition, same size, and subjected to the same heat treatment. Not fewer than two tensile tests and two impact tests are required for each lot containing 20 000 lbs 9000 kg or less. Every additional 10 000 lbs 4500 kg or fraction thereof requires an additional tensile test and impact test. 4 Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME, ASME International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http// www.asme.org. TABLE 2 Impact Test Temperatures and Properties Grade Test Temperature CVN Specimen Section Size, mm Min Average Impact Toughness of Three Test Specimens, ft-lbf J Min Impact Value of a Single Specimen of Set of Three, ft-lbf J F C 10 10 20 27 15 20 L7M, L70, L71, L72, L73 100 73 10 7.5 16 22 12 16 10 10 20 27 15 20 L7, L7A, L7B, L7C, L43 150 101 10 7.5 16 22 12 16 10 10 40 54 30 41 L1 100 73 10 7.5 32 44 24 32 A320/A320M 18 36.1.2.2 For studs, bolts, screws, etc., one tension test and one set of three impact specimens shall be made for each diameter of each heat involved in the lot. Each lot shall consist of the following Diameter, in. mm Lot Size, lb kg 1 1 8 30 and under 1500 680 or fraction thereof Over 1 1 8 30 to 1 3 4 45, incl 4500 2040 or fraction thereof Over 1 3 4 45 to 2 1 2 65, incl 6000 2700 or fraction thereof Over 2 1 2 65 100 pieces or fraction thereof 6.1.2.3 Full Size Specimens, Headed Bolting Components Headed bolts or screws 1 1 2 in. in body diameter and smaller, with body length three times the diameter or longer, and that are produced by upsetting or forging hot or cold shall be subjected to full size testing in accordance with 6.1.3. This testing shall be in addition to tensile testing as specied in 6.1.1. Wedge tensile testing shall be limited to product with socket head cap screw, hexagon, square, hex ange, or twelve point ange heads. The lot size shall be shown in 6.1.2.2. Failure shall occur in the body or threaded section with no failure, or indications of failure, such as cracks, at the junction oftheheadandshank.Wedgetensiletestingisnotrequiredfor at countersunk head or socket button products. 6.1.3 Full Size Bolting Components, Wedge Tensile TestingWhen applicable, see 6.1.2.3. Headed components shall be wedge tested full size. The minimum full size load applied lbf or kN for individual sizes shall be as follows W 5 T s 3A t 1 where W minimum wedge tensile load without fracture, T s tensile strength specied in ksi or MPa in Tables 2 and 3, and A t stressareaofthethreadsection,squareinchesorsquare millimetres,asshownintheConeProofLoadTablesin Specication A962/A962M. 6.2 Impact Properties 6.2.1 Requirements 6.2.1.1 Impact tests are required for