Designation: C1731 − 16Standard Specification forConcrete Floor Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1731; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this specification is to establish the product specifications and minimumperformance requirements of concrete floor tile.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers concrete floor tile (CFT) forapplication as interior and exterior flooring. The units de-scribed by this specification are manufactured from cementi-tious materials, mineral aggregates (normal weight,lightweight, or both), water, and additives that are cast intovarious textures and shapes, often simulating natural stone,brick, terracotta, saltillo, and others.1.2 This specification is limited to requirements for thephysical attributes for the CFT units.1.3 The use of results from testing installed CFT units thathave been removed from use for determining conformance ornonconformance to the requirements of this specification isbeyond the scope of this specification.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC140/C140M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Con-crete Masonry Units and Related UnitsC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of HardenedHydraulic-Cement Mortar and ConcreteC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC331/C331M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forConcrete Masonry UnitsC482 Test Method for Bond Strength of Ceramic Tile toPortland Cement PasteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC979/C979M Specification for Pigments for Integrally Col-ored ConcreteC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use inConcrete and MortarsC1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies forMasonryC1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced ConcreteC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1232 Terminology of MasonryC1353/C1353M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance ofDimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a RotaryPlatform AbraserC1600/C1600M Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydrau-lic CementC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Concrete1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.Current edition approved June 1, 2016. Published July 2016. Originally approvedin 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C1731 – 15. DOI: 10.1520/C1731–16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at
[email protected] For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C1645/C1645M Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icingSalt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking PavingUnitsNOTE 1—An installation guide for concrete floor tile (CFT) is beingdeveloped concurrently in Subcommittee C15.05 Masonry Assemblies.2.2 ANSI Standards:A137.1-2012 American National Standard Specification forCeramic Tile33. Terminology3.1 Terminology defined in Terminology C1232 shall applyfor this section.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete floor tile (CFT), n—manufactured masonryunit that is a blend of cementitious material, aggregates,pigments, chemical admixtures, and water that is designed tobe applied via masonry mortar to a horizontal substrate.3.2.2 back pattern, n—grooves or other textures included onthe back of the CFT unit.4. Materials and Manufacture4.1 Cementitious Materials shall conform to the followingapplicable specifications:4.1.1 Portland Cement—Specification C150/C150M.4.1.2 Blended Cement—Specification C595/C595M.4.1.3 Hydraulic Cement—Specification C1157/C1157M.4.1.4 Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cements—SpecificationC1600/C1600M.4.1.5 Pozzolans and Fly Ash—Specification C618.4.1.6 Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag—Specification C989/C989M.4.2 Aggregates shall conform to the following applicablespecifications, except that grading requirements shall notnecessarily apply:4.2.1 Normal Weight—Specification C33/C33M.4.2.2 Lightweight—Specification C331/C331M.4.3 Chemical Admixtures shall conform to the followingapplicable specifications:4.3.1 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Specification C260/C260M.4.3.2 Water-Reducing, Retarding, and AcceleratingAdmixtures—Specification C494/C494M.4.3.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete—Specification C979/C979M.4.4 Reinforcing Fibers—Specification C1116/C1116M.4.5 Water—Specification C1602/C1602M.4.6 Other Constituents—Integral water repellents and othermaterials shall be previously established as suitable for use inconcrete floor tile or shall be shown by test or experience notto be detrimental to concrete floor tile or any material custom-arily used in concrete floor tile construction.5. Physical Properties5.1 Dimensions:5.1.1 CFT units shall have a minimum thickness of1⁄4 in.(6.4 mm) and a maximum thickness of 1.2 in. (30 mm).5.1.2 CFT units shall not exceed 36 in. (914 mm) in anyface dimension.5.1.3 Dimensional Tolerances:5.1.3.1 Standard Units—For standard units, no overall di-mension (width, height, and length) shall differ by more than61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) from the specified dimensions.5.1.3.2 Irregular Units—For irregular units that featuredeliberate dimensional variations more than 61⁄8 in. (3.2 mm),the CFT manufacturer shall be consulted as to specific dimen-sional tolerances.NOTE 2—Dimensional tolerances for irregular units may vary due to thewide variety of CFT shapes and styles including tumbled, flagstone, andother rustic appearances.5.2 Compressive Strength:5.2.1 The average compressive strength shall equal orexceed 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) with no individual specimen lessthan 3600 psi (24.8 MPa).5.2.2 For wet-cast products sample concrete from regularproduction in accordance with Practice C172/C172M andprepare three cylinders in accordance with Practice C31/C31M. Test compressive strength of the concrete mix inaccordance with Test Method C39/C39M.5.2.3 For dry-cast products sample a minimum of threespecimens from regular production in accordance with TestMethod C140/C140M. Test compressive strength in accor-dance with Annex A4 of Test Method C140/C140M.5.3 Shear Bond Strength:5.3.1 Units shall develop a shear bond strength with themortar substrate of at least 50 psi (0.34 MPa) when tested inaccordance with Test Method C482 with the following modi-fications (listed in 5.3.1.1 through 5.3.1.4):5.3.1.1 Five units shall be tested.5.3.1.2 The mortar substrate shall be that specified fortesting of non-vitreous tile in Test Method C482.5.3.1.3 CFT units shall be cut to 4 by 4 in. (101.6 by 101.6mm). If the CFT nominal unit length or width is smaller than4 in. (101.6 mm), the CFT unit mix shall be cast into a largermold that allows the 4- by 4-in. (101.6- by 101.6-mm) sampleunit to be cut.5.3.1.4 Shear bond testing shall be conducted using theactual bonding surface of the CFT unit as manufactured. If theCFT unit used for testing has a directional back pattern, thisback pattern shall be oriented parallel to the direction ofloading.5.4 Resistance to Freezing and Thawing:5.4.1 If units are exposed to freezing and deicing materialsduring service, the manufacturer shall satisfy the purchasereither by proven field performance or a laboratory freezing-and-thawing test that the units have adequate resistance tofreezing and thawing.5.4.2 If a laboratory test is used sample and test five CFTunits in accordance with Test Method C1645/C1645M. Speci-mens sampled from units that will not be exposed to deicing3Available from Available from Tile Council of North America, https://www.tcnatile.com.C1731 − 162salts in service shall be tested in tap water. Specimens sampledfrom units that will be exposed to deicing materials in serviceshall be tested in a 3 % saline solution. If the CFT is too largeto test full-size due to specimen configuration or lack ofsuitable specimen containers, obtain a specimen by saw-cuttinga full-height coupon with a surface area of at least 29.5 in.2(190 cm2).5.4.3 The average mass loss of all the specimens tested shallnot be greater than: (a) 225 g/m2when subject to 28 freeze-thaw cycles, or: (b) 500 g/m2when subject to 49 freeze-thawcycles.5.5 Water Absorption:5.5.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withTest Method C140/C140M.5.5.2 Perform tests on full-size CFT units. If the CFT is toolarge for the testing apparatus, the unit shall be cut to 8 by 8 in.(203.2 by 203.2 mm) or as necessary to fit the testingapparatus.5.5.3 The average CFT water absorption shall not exceed12 % with no individual specimen exceeding 14 %.5.6 Flexural Load:5.6.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withAnnex A6 of Test Method C140/C140M.5.6.2 The average CFT flexural load shall be greater than orequal to 300 lbs (1334 N) with no individual specimen lessthan 250 lbs (1112 N).5.7 Length Change:5.7.1 The concrete mix shall be tested for length change inaccordance with Test Method C157/C157M except as modifiedbelow:5.7.1.1 Sample concrete from regular production in accor-dance with Practice C172/C172M and mold three prismspecimens for testing following the requirements in Proceduresfor Molding Specimens, Concrete Speciments of Test MethodC157/C157M.5.7.2 The length change of each specimen shall not exceed60.10 % when tested at seven days after manufacture.5.8 Abrasion Resistance:5.8.1 Sample and test three full-size CFT units in accor-dance with Test Method C1353/C1353M.5.8.2 For each unit, CFT wear index shall be 20 or greater.5.9 Dynamic Coeffıcient of Friction:5.9.1 Sample and test three CFT units in accordance withSection 9.6 of ANSI A137.1.5.9.2 For each unit, dynamic coefficient of friction valuesfor wet surfaces shall be 0.42 or greater.NOTE 3—Sealing CFT units may affect coefficient of friction values.6. Sampling6.1 Sampling Concrete Mixes—From each manufacturinglocation, obtain representative samples from standard produc-tion of each concrete mix used for CFT, as appropriate for thephysical property in Section 5.6.2 Sampling Concrete Floor Tile—From each manufactur-ing location, obtain samples of CFT units that are representa-tive of the production from which they are selected.6.3 Test samples biannually or when materials, proportions,or production methods have changed, whichever is morefrequent.6.3.1 Testing laboratories shall be accredited in accordancewith Practice C1093 or an equivalent standard if testingperformed by laboratories not specializing in masonry materi-als.6.3.2 All samples shall be tested at least 28 days aftermanufacture unless otherwise indicated.6.4 Color and Texture—If concrete floor tile having aparticular color, color range, or texture are desired, thesefeatures shall be specified separately by the purchaser. Thetexture of the finished surfaces that will be exposed when inplace shall conform to an approved sample consisting of notless than four concrete floor tiles, each representing the texturedesired. The color range shall be indicated by the approvedsamples.7. Packaging and Package Marking7.1 Each package shall identify the manufacturer’s name,product name and identification, date and location ofmanufacture, and statement of product conformity to thisspecification.8. Certification8.1 Upon request of the purchaser in the contract or order amanufacturer’s report shall be furnished at the time of ship-ment stating results of tests made on samples from regularproduction and certifying that the CFT units conform toapplicable requirements of this specification.NOTE 4—Guidance on preparing the manufacturer’s report is providedin Appendix X1.9. Keywords9.1 adhered; cementitious; CFT; concrete; concrete floortile; flooring; manufactured; masonry; tileC1731 − 163APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MANUFACTURER’S REPORTX1.1 A complete report shall include the following:X1.1.1 Dimensions of each CFT unit specified;X1.1.2 The weight per area of CFT units;X1.1.3 The maximum compressive load imposed on eachsample along with the compressive strength in pounds persquare inch as determined in 5.2;X1.1.4 The maximum load and shear bond strength asdetermined in 5.3;X1.1.4.1 The location of failure of each specimen shall benoted, that is, in the CFT unit itself between the concrete tileunit and the bond coat, between the bond coat and the mortarsetting bed, and in the setting bed itself;X1.1.5 Weight loss as a percentage of the original weight ofthe dry CFT units as determined in 5.4;X1.1.5.1 The number of cycles at the time of CFT disinte-gration;X1.1.5.2 The type of breakage or disintegration in detail;X1.1.6 Water absorption as determined in 5.5;X1.1.7 Maximum flexural load as determined in 5.6;X1.1.8 Length change as determined in 5.7;X1.1.9 Abrasion resistance as determined in 5.8; andX1.1.10 Static coefficient of friction as determined in 5.9.SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(C1731 – 15) that may impact the use of this standard. (June 1, 2016)(1) Revised 5.9, 5.9.1, and 5.9.2.(2) Deleted Test Method C1028 from 2.1 and added ANSIA137.1-2012 to 2.2.Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C1731 –13) that may impact the use of this standard. (July 1, 2015)(1) Revised 5.3 to clarify the type of mortar substrate to use forthe shear bond test.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this sta
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