ASTM D1655-2020b Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels

Designation D1655 20b An American National Standard Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in ulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract. 1.2 This specification defines the minimum property re- quirements for Jet A and Jet A-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists acceptable additives for use in civil and military operated engines and aircraft. Specification D1655 was developed initially for civil applications, but has also been adopted for military aircraft. Guidance ination regarding the use of Jet A and Jet A-1 in specialized applications is available in the appendix. 1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describ- ing the quality of aviation turbine fuel from production to the aircraft. However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in the distribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Stan- dard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103. 1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of use may permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is shown by this specification. 1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designed and certified for this fuel. 1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel Jet B. FAA has issued a Special Airworthiness Ination Bulletin which now approves the use of Specifi- cation D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specifica- tion for Jet B and refers users to this standard for reference. 1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.9 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade TBT Committee. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards 2 D56 Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester D86 Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure D93 Test s for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester D130 Test for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro- leum Products by Copper Strip Test D156 Test for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products Saybolt Chromometer D240 Test for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hy- drocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter D323 Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products Reid D381 Test for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo- ration D445 Test for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos- ity D613 Test for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil D1266 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products Lamp D1298 Test for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod- ucts by Hydrometer 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications. Current edition approved July 15, 2020. Published July 2020. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D1655 20a. DOI 10.1520/D1655-20B. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume ination, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade TBT Committee. 1 Copyright by ASTM Intl all rights reserved; Tue Aug 11 230652 EDT 2020 Downloaded/printed by University of Toronto University of Toronto pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. D1319 Test for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro- leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption D1322 Test for Smoke Point of Kerosene and Aviation Turbine Fuel D1405 Test for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus- tion of Aviation Fuels D1660 of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels Withdrawn 1992 3 D1840 Test for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Avia- tion Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry D2276 Test for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line Sampling D2386 Test for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels D2622 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry D2624 Test s for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels D2887 Test for Boiling Range Distribution of Pe- troleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography D2892 Test for Distillation of Crude Petroleum 15-Theoretical Plate Column D3120 Test for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou- lometry D3227 Test for Thiol Mercaptan Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels Potentiometric D3240 Test for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine Fuels D3241 Test for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels D3242 Test for Acidity in Aviation Turbine Fuel D3338 Test for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus- tion of Aviation Fuels D3343 Test for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels D3701 Test for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry D3828 Test s for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester D3948 Test for Determining Water Separation Char- acteristics ofAviation Turbine Fuels by Portable Separom- eter D4052 Test for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing Inhibitors D4176 Test for Free Water and Particulate Contami- nation in Distillate Fuels Visual Inspection Procedures D4294 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec- trometry D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination D4529 Test for Estimation of Net Heat of Combus- tion of Aviation Fuels D4625 Test for Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43 C 110 F D4737 Test for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation D4809 Test for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter Precision D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec- tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems D4952 Test for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents Doctor Test D4953 Test for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends Dry D5001 Test for Measurement of Lubricity of Avia- tion Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity uator BOCLE D5006 Test for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors Ether Type in Aviation Fuels D5190 Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod- ucts Automatic Withdrawn 2012 3 D5191 Test for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod- ucts and Liquid Fuels Mini D5452 Test for Particulate Contamination in Avia- tion Fuels by Laboratory Filtration D5453 Test for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence D5972 Test for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels Automatic Phase Transition D6045 Test for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus D6379 Test for Determination of Aromatic Hydro- carbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum DistillatesHigh Perance Liquid Chromatography with Refractive Index Detection D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems D6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock B100 for Middle Distillate Fuels D6866 Test s for Determining the Biobased Content of Solid, Liquid, and Gaseous Samples Using Radiocar- bon Analysis D6890 Test for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number DCN of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber D7042 Test for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity D7153 Test for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels Automatic Laser D7154 Test for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels Automatic Fiber Optical 3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org. D1655 20b 2 Copyright by ASTM Intl all rights reserved; Tue Aug 11 230652 EDT 2020 Downloaded/printed by University of Toronto University of Toronto pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. D7170 Test for Determination of Derived Cetane Number DCN of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injec- tion Period, Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Withdrawn 2019 3 D7224 Test for Determining Water Separation Char- acteristics of Kerosine-Type Aviation Turbine Fuels Con- taining Additives by Portable Separometer D7236 Test for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester Ramp D7344 Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure Mini D7345 Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure Micro Distil- lation D7524 Test for Determination of Static Dissipater Additives SDA in Aviation Turbine Fuel and Middle Distillate FuelsHigh Perance Liquid Chromato- graph HPLC D7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons D7619 Test for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter D7668 Test for Determination of Derived Cetane Number DCN of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber D7797 Test for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysis by Fourier Trans Infrared SpectroscopyRapid Screening D7872 Test for Determining the Concentration of Pipeline Drag Reducer Additive in Aviation Turbine Fuels D7945 Test for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure Viscometer D7959 Test for Chloride Content Determination of Aviation Turbine Fuels using Chloride Test Strip D8073 Test for Determination of Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuel by Small Scale Water Separation Instrument D8267 Test for Determination of Total Aromatic, Monoaromatic and Diaromatic Content of Aviation Tur- bine Fuels Using Gas Chromatography with Vacuum Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy Detection GC- VUV E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conance with Specifications 2.2 EI Standards 4 EI 1550 Handbook on equipment used for the maintenance and delivery of clean aviation fuel EI 1583 Laboratory tests and minimum perance levels for aviation fuel filter monitors EI/JIG 1530 Quality assurance requirements for the manufacture, storage and distribution of aviation fuels to airports IP 12 Determination of specific energy IP 16 Determination of freezing point of aviation fuels Manual IP 71 Section 1 Petroleum productsTransparent and opaque liquidsDetermination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity IP 123 Petroleum productsDetermination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure IP 154 Petroleum productsCorrosiveness to copper Copper strip test IP 156 Petroleum products and related materials Determination of hydrocarbon typesFluorescent indica- tor adsorption IP 160 Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of densityHydrometer IP 170 Determination of flash pointAbel closed-cup IP 216 Particulate contaminant in aviation fuel IP 225 Copper content of aviation turbine fuel IP 227 Silver corrosion of aviation turbine fuel IP 274 Determination of electrical conductivity of aviation and distillate fuels IP 323 Determination of thermal oxidation stability of gas turbine fuels IP 336 Petroleum productsDetermination of sulfur contentEnergy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence IP 342 Petroleum productsDetermination of thiol mer- captan sulfur in light and middle distillate fuels Potentiometric IP 354 Determination of the acid number of aviation fuels Colour-indicator titration IP 365 Crude petroleum and petroleum products Determination of densityOscillating U-tube IP 406 Petroleum productsDetermination of boiling range distribution by gas chromatography IP 423 Determination of particulate contamination in avia- tion turbine fuels by laboratory filtration IP 435 Determination of the freezing point of aviation tur- bine fuels by the automatic phase transition IP 436 Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in aviation fuels and petroleum distillatesHigh