ASTM D7467-2020a Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)

Designation D7467 20a Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend B6 to B20 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7467; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 1. Scope* 1.1 This specification covers fuel blend grades of 6 volume percent to 20 volume percent biodiesel with the remainder being a light middle or middle distillate diesel fuel, collectively designated as B6 to B20. These grades are suitable for various types of diesel engines. 1.1.1 The biodiesel component of the blend shall con to the requirements of Specification D6751. The remainder of the fuel shall be a light middle or middle distillate grade diesel fuel coning to Specification D975 grades No. 1-D and No. 2-D of any sulfur level specified with the following exceptions. The light middle or middle distillate grade diesel fuel whose sulfur level, aromatic level, cetane, or lubricity falls outside of Specification D975 may be blended with biodiesel meeting Specification D6751, provided the finished mixtures meets this specification. 1.1.2 The fuel sulfur grades are described as follows 1.1.2.1 Grade B6 to B20 S15A fuel with a maximum of 15 ppm sulfur. 1.1.2.2 Grade B6 to B20 S500A fuel with a maximum of 500 ppm sulfur. 1.1.2.3 Grade B6 to B20 S5000Afuel with a maximum of 5000 ppm sulfur. 1.2 This specification prescribes the required properties of B6 to B20 biodiesel blends at the time and place of delivery. The specification requirements may be applied at other points in the production and distribution system when provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. 1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations that may be more restrictive. NOTE 1The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more ina- tion on this subject, see Guide D4865. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade TBT Committee. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards 2 D56 Test for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester D86 Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure D93 Test s for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester D129 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products Gen- eral High Pressure Decomposition Device D130 Test for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro- leum Products by Copper Strip Test D445 Test for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos- ity D482 Test for Ash from Petroleum Products D524 Test for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum Products D613 Test for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil D664 Test for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel D976 Test for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels D1266 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products Lamp D1319 Test for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro- leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption D1552 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels. Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D7467 20. DOI 10.1520/D7467-20A. 2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume ination, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website. *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade TBT Committee. 1 Copyright by ASTM Intl all rights reserved; Thu Aug 27 122449 EDT 2020 Downloaded/printed by University of Toronto University of Toronto pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. High Temperature Combustion and Infrared IR Detec- tion or Thermal Conductivity Detection TCD D2500 Test for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels D2622 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry D2624 Test s for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate Fuels D2709 Test for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge D2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils D3120 Test for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou- lometry D3828 Test s for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup Tester D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products D4294 Test for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec- trometry D4308 Test for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter D4539 Test for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test LTFT D4737 Test for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Elec- tricity in Petroleum Fuel Systems D5453 Test for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence D5771 Test for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels Optical Detection Stepped Cooling D5772 Test for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels Linear Cooling Rate D5773 Test for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels Constant Cooling Rate D6079 Test for uating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig HFRR D6217 Test for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory Filtration D6304 Test for Determination of Water in Petro- leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Cou- lometric Karl Fischer Titration D6371 Test for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating Fuels D6468 Test for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels D6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel Systems D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock B100 for Middle Distillate Fuels D6890 Test for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number DCN of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustion in a Constant Volume Chamber D7042 Test for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity D7094 Test for Flash Point by Modified Continu- ously Closed Cup MCCCFP Tester D7220 Test for Sulfur in Automotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry D7344 Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure Mini D7345 Test for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure Micro Distil- lation D7371 Test for Determination of Biodiesel Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR-ATR-PLS D7397 Test for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels Miniaturized Optical D7619 Test for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Particle Counter D7668 Test for Determination of Derived Cetane Number DCN of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay and Combustion Delay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber D7689 Test for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels Mini D7861 Test for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters FAME in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter LVF Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy D7945 Test for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure Viscometer D8183 Test for Determination of Indicated Cetane Number ICN of Diesel Fuel Oils using a Constant Volume Combustion ChamberReference Fuels Calibra- tion E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conance with Specifications E1064 Test for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo- metric Karl Fischer Titration 2.2 Other Standards 26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Retailers Excise Taxes 3 40 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives 3 EN 14078 Liquid Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester FAME Content in Middle DistillatesInfrared Spectrometry 4 EN 14112 Fat and Oil DerivativesFatty Acid Methyl Esters FAMEDetermination of Oxidation Stability Accelerated Oxidation Test 4 EN 15751 Automotive FuelsFatty Acid Methyl Ester FAME Fuel and Blends with Diesel Fuel Determination of Oxidation Stability by Accelerated Oxi- dation 4 3 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop SDE, Washington, DC 20401. 4 Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website www.cenorm.be. or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat astmnen.nl. D7467 20a 2 Copyright by ASTM Intl all rights reserved; Thu Aug 27 122449 EDT 2020 Downloaded/printed by University of Toronto University of Toronto pursuant to License Agreement. No further reproductions authorized. ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluids for Coding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles 5 ISO 16889 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFiltersMulti-pass for uating Filtration Perance of a Filter Element 5 3. Terminology 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 B6 to B20, nfuel blend consisting of 6 volume percent to 20 volume percent biodiesel coning to the requirements of Specification D6751 with the remainder being a light middle or middle distillate grade diesel fuel and meeting the requirements of this specification. 3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe abbreviation BXX represents a specific blend concentration in the range B6 to B20, where XX is the percent volume of biodiesel in the fuel blend. 3.1.2 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, designated B100. 3.1.3 Snumerical specification maximum, na part of the grade name that states the maximum sulfur content, in ppm by mass mg/kg, allowed by this specification. 3.1.3.1 Discussionmg/kg is equivalent to g/g, 110 -4 by mass, and mass fraction 0.000001. 3.1.3.2 DiscussionMost, but not all, test s to de- termine sulfur content mentioned in this specification produce results in units of mg/kg. Consult the test in use to determine units for a particular result. 4. Test s 4.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following s 4.1.1 Acid NumberTest D664. 4.1.2 Flash PointTest D93, except where other s are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test D3828 and Test D7094 may be used as an alternate with the same limits. Test D56 may be used as an alternate with the same limits, provided the flash point is below 93 C. This test will give slightly lower values. In cases of dispute, Test D93 shall be used as the referee . 4.1.3 Cloud PointTest D2500. For all B6 to B20 grades in Table 1, Test D7397 and the automatic Test s D5771, D5772, D5773,orD7689 may be used as alternates with the same limits. In case of dispute, Test D2500 shall be the referee test . 4.1.4 Cold Filter Plugging Point CFPPTest D6371. 4.1.5 Low Temperature Flow Test LTFTTest D4539. 4.1.6 Water and SedimentTest D2709. See Ap- pendix X4 for additional guidance on water and sediment in biodiesel blends. 4.1.7 Carbon ResidueTest D524. 4.1.8 AshTest D482. 4.1.9 DistillationTest D86, D7344,orD7345. For all grades, Test D7344 can be used as an alternative. Results from Test D7344 shall be reported as “Pre- dicted D86” results by application of the corrections described in Test D7344 to improve agreement with D86 values. Results from Test D7345 shall be reported as “Pre- dicted D86” results by application of the corrections described in Test D7345 to improve agreement with D86 values. In case of dispute,Test D86 shall be used as the referee test . 4.1.10 ViscosityTest s D445, D7042,orD7945 may be used with the same limits. Bias-corrected results from Test D7042 shall be reported as “Predicted D445.” Use bias correction for Biodiesel fuel according the Precision and Bias section of D7042. In case of dispute, Test D445 shall be used as the referee test . 4.1.11 SulfurTable 2 shows the referee test s and alternate test s for sulfur, the range over which each test applies and the corresponding fuel grades. 4.1.12 AromaticityTest D1319. This test provides an indication of the aromatic content of fuels. For fuels with a maximum final boiling point of 315 C, this test is a measurement of the aromatic content of the fuel. Grade S5000 does not have an aromatics content. The supplier of the fluorescent indicator dyed gel used in Test D1319 and IP 156 is no longer able to supply the dye needed for the to work with diesel fuel. Lot numbers 3000000975 and above will not provide correct aromatics values. 4.1.13 Cetane IndexTest D976. 4.1.14 LubricityTest D6079. 4.1.15 Copper CorrosionTest D130, 3 h test at 50 C minimum. 4.1.16 Cetane NumberTest D613. Test D6890, D7668 see Note 2, or D8183 see Note 3 may also be used. In cases of dispute, Test D613 shall be the ref